Gastrointestinal and thyroid activities are interrelated bodily functions. Their interactions are complex, and the medical community refers to them as the gut-thyroid axis. A damaged thyroid can cause various digestive concerns, and gut problems can trigger endocrine disorders.

This article explains how thyroid and gut health are connected, how to recognize the primary health concern, and recommends effective treatments.

Can the Thyroid Affect Gut Health?

The thyroid gland is a vital endocrine organ that regulates essential bodily functions, including metabolism, reproduction, growth, development, and the immune system. It also affects nutrient digestion and absorption via thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate the conversion of food into energy and indirectly impact motility or how fast food moves through the GI tract.

An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) produces too many thyroid hormones, increasing gut motility while an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) reduces motility. These changes disrupt gut microbiota composition, potentially leading to dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), and digestive problems.

How Do I Know My Gut Health Is Affected by My Thyroid?

Gastrointestinal conditions often coexist with a dysfunctional thyroid gland. The following symptoms may indicate your gut health is affected by a thyroid disorder.

Hyperthyroidism

An overactive thyroid can cause diarrhea, malabsorption, weight loss, bacterial infections, liver problems, anxiety, irritability, etc.  

Hypothyroidism

An underactive thyroid can lead to delayed gastric emptying, constipation, poor nutrient absorption, lactose intolerance, small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), low stomach acid, etc. Hypothyroid patients can also experience dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, and heartburn.

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases associated with thyroid dysfunction, such as Hashimoto’s and Graves’, often occur with celiac disease and non-celiac wheat sensitivity. They increase the risk of gut inflammation and leaky gut syndrome.

How Do I Know If My Thyroid Is Affected by the Gut?

Our gut health and the balance of intestinal flora directly impact thyroid function. Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune diseases can stem from the following gastrointestinal problems.

Leaky Gut

Increased intestinal permeability allows undigested food, toxins, pathogens, and other harmful substances to enter the bloodstream, trigger inflammation, activate the immune system, and disrupt thyroid hormones.

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Note: Learn more about leaky gut and how to treat it.

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Poor Nutrient Absorption

Poor nutrient absorption, especially that of minerals essential for thyroid function (selenium, zinc, iron, and iodine), can disrupt thyroid metabolism and the secretion of thyroid hormones.

Gut Dysbiosis

The gut microbiome impacts thyroid health in several ways:

• It helps break down dietary fibers and create short-chain fatty acids, which aid in immune regulation.
• It impacts the activity of specific enzymes in the intestinal wall that help convert thyroid hormones T4 into their active form, T3.
• It regulates dopamine levels, which can modulate the levels of the thyroid hormone TSH.

Disturbing gut microbiota homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation, impaired nutrient absorption, altered thyroid hormone levels, and autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto’s and Graves’).

Who Is Most Likely to Have Thyroid-Gut Health Issues?

Millions of people suffer from conditions related to thyroid and gut health. The underlying causes include genetic predisposition, impaired immune system, environmental factors, and lifestyle habits. Anyone can develop associated health problems, but some factors increase the risk of specific diseases.

• Gut dysbiosis, leaky gut syndrome, and celiac disease increase the risk of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease.
• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, irritable bowel syndrome, leaky gut, and bacterial infections (e.g., H. pylori) increase the risk of hypothyroidism and autoimmune reactions.
• Nutrient deficiencies and malabsorption increase the risk of impaired thyroid function.
• Chronic stress and stress-induced gut dysbiosis can suppress thyroid function.
• Antibiotics, birth control pills, and other medications can disrupt gut flora, digestion, and nutrient absorption, and lead to thyroid dysfunction.
• Women are more likely than men to experience impaired gut health and thyroid imbalances.

How Are Thyroid-Gut Issues Diagnosed?

Patients with thyroid and gut problems may have symptoms that overlap with those of other conditions. When examining a patient, doctors rely on tests for thyroid and gut-related disorders. Proper treatment depends on accurate and timely diagnosis.

Thyroid Tests

Thyroid tests establish how well the thyroid gland is functioning. The standard thyroid blood test measures the levels of TSH, T4, and sometimes T3. Doctors can also order antibody tests (Anti-TPO, Anti-Tg) to detect autoimmune diseases, and a thyroid scan to look for abnormal growth.

Tests for Gut Health

If a doctor suspects your digestive concerns are related to thyroid issues, they may order stool, blood, urine, and breath tests to detect inflammation, maldigestion, malabsorption, food intolerance, bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), H. pylori infection, and other issues that could be linked to thyroid health.

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Note: Read our article on gut dysbiosis and a detailed list of tests for this condition.

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How Do You Fix Thyroid-Gut Health?

Treatments for patients suffering from coexisting thyroid and gut problems vary depending on the specific diagnosis. They can include the following:

Dietary Changes

Patients with thyroid and gut problems often experience symptom relief after modifying their diet according to medical advice. Medical providers prescribe custom nutritional plans depending on their patients’ symptoms and diagnoses. These diets are based on anti-inflammatory foods and often involve eliminating triggers that cause unwanted symptoms (e.g., gluten in patients with celiac and autoimmune diseases).

Patients with digestive problems are advised to limit or eliminate foods that increase inflammation and disrupt thyroid hormones, such as:

• Refined sugars and carbs
• Processed foods
• Artificial sweeteners and additives
• Foods with high pesticide residues

Nutrient-dense foods high in vitamins, minerals (especially selenium, iron, and zinc), antioxidants, dietary fibers, and healthy fats typically make up the core of thyroid/gut patients’ diets. The foods include:

• Fresh fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains
• Walnuts, Brazil nuts, almonds
• Flax and chia seeds
• Eggs and grass-fed meat
• Fermented foods (yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, pickles, kimchi, etc.)

Probiotics and Prebiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms that enhance microbial diversity in the gut, helping to increase micronutrient absorption and regulate the synthesis of the hormone T3. Adding probiotics to a healthy, nutritionally rich diet can contribute to healthy thyroid function. Probiotics are present in fermented foods like yogurt, pickles, and sauerkraut, and dietary supplements. Some of the best probiotic strains for gut inflammation, immune support, and hormone regulation include Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Saccharomyces boulardii.

Prebiotics are foods and supplements that probiotics feed on. Foods rich in prebiotics include onions, garlic, oats, bananas, flax seeds, apples, berries, legumes, almonds, and more.

Medications and Supplements

Some patients with thyroid and gut health problems require medication in addition to a specific diet and supplements. Doctors typically prescribe hormone replacement tablets (e.g., levothyroxine) for hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s. Medications like propylthiouracil and methimazole are indicated for an overactive thyroid gland and Graves’ disease. Permanent treatments for hyperthyroidism include radioiodine therapy and surgical removal of the thyroid gland.

Since many thyroid patients have nutrient deficiencies, doctors often prescribe vitamin and mineral supplements, including vitamins A, B, D, selenium, zinc, and iron. Patients with low stomach acid can benefit from betaine hydrochloride, which helps increase stomach acid and improve digestion and nutrient absorption.

Our medical professionals recommend the Vibrant line of dietary supplements, which contain carefully selected nutrients to support gut health, immune function, and hormonal balance.

View Vibrant Biome

View Vibrant Digest

View Vibrant Gut Support

Lifestyle Changes

Poor lifestyle choices are often the leading cause of digestive and hormonal health issues. Besides adopting a healthier diet, medical professionals advise making the following lifestyle changes to improve health.

• Engage in stress-relieving activities to reduce chronically elevated cortisol, which contributes to inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and hormonal imbalance.
• Introduce daily exercise to restore energy, improve blood flow, aid in digestion, and stabilize hormones.
• Get 7-9 hours of sleep every night to balance hormones and reduce stress.
• Eliminate alcohol and cigarettes, as they increase inflammation, promote dysbiosis, and disrupt thyroid function.

What Happens if You Don’t Treat Thyroid-Gut Health Issues?

Symptoms of impaired thyroid and gut functions may not be noticeable at first. However, they tend to worsen over time. If left untreated, they may become uncomfortable and interfere with daily life. They may also lead to more severe and life-threatening diseases, including obesity and heart disease.

Conclusion

Thyroid and gut health are closely related. An impairment to one organ often causes damage to the other organ. Treatment strategies focus on reducing inflammation, promoting a healthy gut microbiome, and optimizing thyroid hormone levels to restore a functional gut-thyroid axis.

If you are struggling to manage your weight, hormones might be the underlying cause. Hormonal fluctuations impact how we process and store the food we eat. An imbalance can disrupt metabolic function, worsening health conditions such as thyroid disorders, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.

This article explains the connection between hormones and metabolism and offers practical tips to restore hormonal balance and enhance metabolic function.

Can Hormones Affect Your Metabolism?

Hormones work together to optimize fat storage, energy efficiency, blood sugar levels, and other vital bodily functions. A hormonal imbalance can disrupt metabolic processes, causing an autoimmune disease, weight loss or weight gain, and mental health issues.  

How Do Hormones Affect Metabolism?

Hormones play a crucial role in metabolic and overall health by regulating various bodily functions, including the following:

• Body fat distribution – Hormones regulate body fat accumulation and distribution (e.g., abdomen, hips, and thighs).
• Nutrient breakdown – Insulin, glucagon, and cortisol control how the body processes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• Blood sugar levels – Insulin and glucagon maintain glucose balance for optimal energy.
• Appetite – Leptin and ghrelin regulate appetite and cravings by increasing hunger or satiety.
• Metabolic rate -  Thyroid hormones influence the speed at which the body converts calories into energy.
• Digestive processes - GIP and GLP-1 promote insulin secretion and slow digestion.
• Thermogenesis - Thyroid hormones regulate heat production to stabilize body temperature.
• Stress response – Cortisol increases blood sugar levels and promotes fat and protein breakdown for energy in response to physical or emotional stress.
• Muscle growth – Hormones stimulate muscle growth and recovery; muscle tissue burns more calories at rest than fat, increasing overall energy expenditure and improving metabolic efficiency.
• Sleep – Melatonin and cortisol affect metabolism by modulating sleep cycles (i.e., the circadian rhythm) and energy expenditure.

Which Hormone Is Responsible for Metabolism?

There is no one hormone that is responsible for metabolism. These chemical messengers interact in a complex system that regulates how the body stores and distributes fat and breaks down nutrients to generate energy efficiently. Each hormone has a specific role and directly influences the function of others, which can lead to imbalances and disrupt metabolism.

Leptin

Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that tells our brain how much fat is stored. It regulates appetite, metabolism, and weight balance by curbing hunger based on body fat levels.

Elevated leptin regulates metabolism by promoting calorie expenditure and preventing overeating, while lower levels increase appetite and slow down metabolism. Obesity and chronic inflammation can cause leptin resistance, characterized by disrupted hunger signals and increased appetite despite adequate fat stores.

Ghrelin

Ghrelin is a stomach-produced “hunger hormone” that tells the brain when your stomach is empty. It rises before meals to increase appetite and drops after eating to promote fullness.

Skipping a meal triggers ghrelin spikes that can lead to overeating and weight gain. Additionally, what you eat impacts ghrelin levels, with carbohydrates lowering it quickly and protein keeping it suppressed longer. You can prolong satiety and stabilize hunger signals by combining carbs and protein.

Amylin

Amylin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps regulate blood sugar levels by decreasing food intake. It prevents rapid blood sugar spikes and keeps you full longer.

Studies have confirmed its weight-reducing effects and a positive impact on insulin sensitivity and leptin resistance. The synthetic amylin analog pramlintide is an approved diabetes treatment that improves blood sugar control and aids weight loss.

Insulin

Insulin regulates blood sugar levels and how effectively the body processes glucose (blood sugar). This pancreatic hormone transports glucose into the blood cells to make energy. It supports healthy metabolic processes by stabilizing blood sugar levels and signaling to the pancreas to adjust insulin production.

Hyperinsulinemia (higher insulin levels) disrupts the body's response to the hormone, leading to metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance, diabetes, and chronic inflammation.

Hyperinsulinemia (low insulin levels) elevates blood sugar levels, resulting in tiredness, shaking, heart palpitations, dizziness, hunger, blurred vision, and weight loss.

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Note: Learn how insulin affects weight loss and ways to preserve its function.

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Glucagon

Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that prevents blood sugar from dropping too low. It stabilizes glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored sugar (glycogen), suppressing your appetite between meals.

It promotes fat breakdown for energy during intense exercise or fasting and helps the body obtain glucose from other sources, such as amino acids. Because of its positive impact on metabolism, glucagon is used as a weight-loss treatment in combination with GLP1.

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP1)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) is a fullness hormone produced in the gut that responds to food intake by signaling to the brain that you have eaten enough. This “nutrient sensing” chemical promotes satiety, slows gastric emptying, and decreases blood sugar levels after eating.

GLP1 agonists are an effective weight-management drug used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity by promoting a sense of fullness and stabilizing blood sugar levels.

Gastro Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)

Gastro inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is another “nutrient sensing” fullness hormone that stimulates insulin secretion, optimizes glucose levels, and regulates nutrient balance. It positively impacts cardiovascular function, bone health, and lipid metabolism (the breakdown of fats for energy).

Recent research indicates that GIP may influence fertility, particularly in women with PCOS, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for reproductive disorders. It can be used to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes in combination with GLP1.

Thyroid

The thyroid gland produces triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which regulate essential metabolic functions like energy use, heart rate, growth, body temperature, and digestion. These hormones determine metabolic speed, affecting how the body converts food into energy.

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) speeds up metabolism and may cause weight loss, increased appetite, excessive sweating, insomnia, and anxiety.

Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) slows down metabolism and may lead to weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance, dry skin, and depression.

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Note: Read more about the connection between thyroid and metabolism.

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Cortisol

Cortisol, the “stress hormone, is produced by the adrenal glands in response to a perceived threat. It triggers the “fight or flight” mechanism and prepares the body to sustain a stressful situation. It also helps convert glucose into energy by stimulating the pancreas to decrease insulin and increase glucagon.

While cortisol is vital for short-term stress response, chronically high levels can disrupt metabolism, leading to increased appetite, weight gain (e.g., belly fat), poor sleep, and mental health issues.

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Note: Learn how to lower cortisol naturally and improve metabolic health.

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How to Balance Hormones That Affect Metabolism?

You can restore hormonal balance and enhance metabolism through lifestyle choices, supplements, medication, or hormone therapies.

Adjust Your Diet

Hormonal fluctuations are often a symptom of a poor diet composed of simple carbs, additives, and trans fats. A balanced, anti-inflammatory diet can help boost your immunity, reduce inflammation, and strengthen hormonal health. Omega-3-rich anti-inflammatory foods improve insulin sensitivity, control blood sugar, and reduce metabolic disorder risks.

You can also try a metabolic diet consisting of different eating practices that increase metabolic flexibility, reduce cravings, and enhance overall metabolic health.

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Note: Find out how eating celery and rice can help you lose weight.

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Use Hormone-Balancing Supplements

Hormone-balancing vitamins and minerals prevent nutrient deficiencies that could disrupt metabolic processes, including digestion, insulin and leptin sensitivity, fat distribution, and thyroid function. Complement them with a nutrient-rich diet to maximize the benefits.

These are the essential nutrients that will help you maintain hormonal and metabolic balance:

• Vitamin B (e.g., biotin, thiamine) - B complex vitamins help the body burn calories more efficiently by promoting glucose utilization, optimizing insulin release, curbing sugar cravings, and converting food into energy.
• Vitamin D - Aids weight loss by reducing fat cell formation and storage while boosting serotonin levels to control appetite and lower calorie intake.
• Vitamin C – Research shows that people with adequate vitamin C levels burn fat 30% faster during exercise, making it essential for maintaining a healthy weight.
• Fatty acids - Omega-3s can reduce metabolic stress, regulate appetite, improve cholesterol levels, and promote the breakdown of stored fat for energy.
• Magnesium – Studies suggest magnesium reduces BMI by maintaining optimal insulin and glucose levels, regulating appetite, providing energy, and reducing water retention.
• Prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics – These gut-enhancing supplements improve digestion, nutrient absorption, and gastrointestinal health. A balanced gut microbiome is crucial for healthy metabolism and weight management.

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Note: You can purchase Vibrant MG, Vibrant Omegas, and Vibrant D in our online shop.

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Try Vitamin IV Therapy

IV (intravenous) therapy is a fast way to obtain essential vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to bolster immunity, prevent deficiencies, and boost metabolism. It is administered intravenously, and its biggest advantage over oral administration is that it bypasses the digestive system, delivering nutrients directly into the bloodstream for more effective absorption.

Vitamin B12 injections boost energy and improve metabolic function by aiding the conversion of food into energy. A deficiency slows metabolism, causing fatigue and hormonal disruption.

Vitamin D injections promote gut flora and alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms associated with a disrupted microbiome. When paired with calcium, vitamin D supports insulin secretion, enhancing glycemic control in diabetic or overweight patients.

Use Metabolism-Boosting Supplements

Metabolism-boosting supplements help to diversify beneficial gut bacteria and restore microbial balance while supporting hormonal and metabolic health. They stimulate metabolic rate, increase calorie burn, and provide more energy.

Vibrant Vitality Clinic experts recommend Vibrant DIM for hormonal balance and optimal estrogen metabolism and Vibrant DHEA for balanced hormones, healthy immune function, and optimal stress response.

Support Gut Health

Hormones are intricately linked to gut health, affecting both food digestion and nutrient absorption. Hormonal imbalances can indicate an underlying gastrointestinal issue, such as dysbiosis. Enhancing gut health is a powerful way to support hormonal balance and metabolic function.

Ensure your microbiome is healthy and stress-resilient with the following supplements:

• Vibrant Gut Support – Reinforces the gut barrier to optimize nutrient absorption and block toxins, allergens, and harmful microbes from entering the bloodstream.
• Vibrant Biome – This supplement enhances gut microflora, aids digestion, boosts immunity, and helps reduce inflammation.
• Vibrant Digest – Supports nutrient absorption to alleviate gas, bloating, and constipation after meals.

Exercise and Stay Active

Regular exercise positively impacts hormonal health and can speed up metabolism for weight loss. Movement stimulates hormone production and circulation, supporting essential bodily functions that directly affect metabolism.

Experts recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of high-intensity cardio per week. Strength (resistance) training also boosts metabolism since muscle tissue helps burn more calories at rest and increases overall energy expenditure.

Manage Stress

Chronic stress triggers excess cortisol production, keeping the body in a prolonged "fight-or-flight" state and increasing the risk of diabetes. This imbalance negatively affects the immune, endocrine, reproductive, gastrointestinal, and mental health systems.

Stress management enhances metabolic and hormonal health. Engage in relaxing, stress-relieving activities and hobbies to reduce stress and improve overall health. Try mindfulness, deep breathing, yoga, hiking, socializing, or creative outlets like art and music.

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Note: Explore the connection between stress and hormones and learn effective stress management techniques.

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Use Medication or a Medically Assisted Weight Loss Program

Depending on your health condition and medical record, the doctor may prescribe a medically supervised weight loss program or medication and injections, such as the following:

• Semaglutide – These injections contain a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist that mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1, which regulates insulin production, appetite, and satiety.
• Metformin – This prescription drug for diabetes can be used off-label to aid in weight loss by optimizing glucose levels, insulin and leptin sensitivity, and reducing visceral fat.
• Qsymia or QSIVA –This weight-loss drug combines topiramate and phentermine. It is used alongside a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity in patients with a BMI over 30 or over 27 with a weight-related condition like hypertension or diabetes.
• Low-dose naltrexone – Naltrexone is FDA-approved for the treatment of opioid and alcohol addiction but is used off-label in low doses for weight loss, typically one-tenth of the standard dose.

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Note: Read about 14 best weight loss products to help you slim down.

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Try Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT)

Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) is typically prescribed to alleviate symptoms of perimenopause and menopause. It contains estrogen, progesterone, or a combination of the two and may also contain small amounts of testosterone.

By restoring hormonal balance, BHRT can improve sleep quality, enhance digestion, and support metabolic function. Patients usually report having more energy, improved nutrient absorption, and a more efficient metabolism.

Conclusion

When you understand how to support your metabolic health while maintaining hormonal balance, you can reach your weight goals more quickly. This article provides actionable ways to promote your metabolic and hormonal health for long-term results.

Contact our weight-loss experts at Vibrant Vitality Clinic to learn more about hormonal balance and metabolism-boosting supplements.

The intestinal lining is a vital part of our gastrointestinal tract and plays an essential role in digestion. It acts as a selective barrier, absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream and helping prevent harmful substances from passing through.

Factors like an unhealthy diet, stress, medications, and gastrointestinal disorders can compromise this barrier, causing toxins and other undesired molecules to “leak.” Increased intestinal permeability or a leaky gut is associated with various symptoms and inflammatory conditions.

This article explains how to improve gut health to help heal a leaky gut and reduce the risk of more severe health complications.

What Is the Fastest Way to Heal a Leaky Gut?

Leaky gut is not a recognized medical condition. It is an informal term for symptoms that are associated with other digestive disorders, such as IBS, celiac disease, food intolerance, and more. The severity of leaky gut syndrome and how fast it heals depends on the underlying cause and how long it has been left untreated. Your healthcare provider may recommend specific therapy for the underlying condition, and it typically repairs the intestinal lining.

The general recommendation for leaky gut is to reduce inflammation and improve the gut microbiome through healthier nutrition and other lifestyle habits.

Improved Gut Microbiota

The gastrointestinal tract is filled with trillions of microorganisms that play a crucial role in regulating our bodily functions. A disbalance in the composition of gut microbiota, or gut dysbiosis, can trigger inflammation and disrupt the intestinal barrier function, leading to leaky gut.

There are several ways to promote a healthy microbiome and prevent or improve digestive problems. They include diet modification, taking gut-supporting supplements, careful use of medications, avoiding chemical toxins, reducing stress, and more.

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Note: Learn more about the correlation between stress and inflammation.

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Balanced Nutrition

Nutrition directly influences the composition of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability. A balanced diet is a common initial step in most treatments for digestive concerns. Doctors create individualized nutrition plans for patients with increased intestinal permeability depending on what caused it. Patients with celiac disease must strictly follow a gluten-free diet. Patients with IBS and food intolerances typically eliminate foods that trigger symptoms or follow a low FODMAP diet.

Anti-inflammatory diets for leaky gut are typically based on avoiding refined carbohydrates and saturated and trans fats and incorporating more foods with dietary fiber, probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols, antioxidants, amino acids, and minerals.

In short, eliminating foods that trigger inflammation and increasing the intake of products that promote gut health may help rebuild the gut lining and decrease intestinal permeability.

Foods that improve gut flora and promote intestinal regeneration include the following:

• Fruits – Raspberries, blueberries, strawberries, grapes, oranges, apples, papaya, etc.
• Vegetables - Sweet potatoes, carrots, cantaloupe, red peppers, tomatoes, zucchini, beans, etc.
• Leafy greens – Broccoli, collard greens, spinach, Swiss chard, lettuce, etc.
• Fermented foods – Yogurt, kimchi, kefir, sauerkraut, pickles, miso, and tempeh.
• Nuts and seeds – Walnuts, almonds, peanuts, chia seeds, flax seeds, sunflower seeds, and more.
• Herbs and spices – Cinnamon, ginger, basil, cumin, oregano, parsley, sage, and many more.
• Meat and eggs – Lean chicken, fatty fish (tuna, mackerel, salmon), shellfish, pasture-raised lamb, beef, and pork.
• Healthy fats – Extra virgin olive oil, avocado, avocado oil, coconut oil, flaxseed oil, etc.

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Note: Learn more about the natural remedies and treatments that help reduce inflammation.

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Dietary Fiber

Dietary fiber is a group of compounds in plant foods that our digestive tract cannot fully digest. It is fermented by beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which produce short-chain fatty acids, inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Fiber also has anti-inflammatory properties that help protect and strengthen the intestinal lining. A diet lacking in fiber and short-chain fatty acids can increase gut permeability and allow harmful microorganisms, such as Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Candida, to enter the bloodstream, including.

Foods rich in fiber include most fruits and vegetables, especially the following:

• Fruits - Berries, apples, bananas, oranges
• Vegetables - Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, spinach, sweet potatoes, onions, garlic, artichokes, cabbage
• Legumes - Beans, peas, soybeans, lentils, chickpeas
• Whole grains - Wheat, rye, barley
• Nuts and seeds - Walnuts, almonds, sesame seeds

Glutamine

Glutamine is an amino acid produced by our bodies and found in food. It is considered crucial for gut health and the integrity of intestinal cells. Research shows it improves anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and decreases the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in the gut, enhancing the immune response.

Patients with severe gastrointestinal disorders may benefit from a combination of glutamine and probiotics. Glutamine supports intestinal barrier repair, while probiotics enhance microbiome diversity, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus, and help inhibit pathogenic microorganisms.

Good sources of glutamine include:

• Beef
• Pork
• Poultry
• Eggs
• Milk
• Yogurt
• Cheese
• Tofu
• Corn
• Rice
• Oats

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Note: Learn more about amino acid IV therapy and how glutamine and other amino acids can improve digestive, mental, and other bodily functions.

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Polyphenols

Polyphenols are compounds present in plants that provide many health benefits, including improved nutrient absorption and digestion. They exert antioxidant effects against harmful microorganisms, reduce inflammation, and protect the GI tract from gut dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. Research has identified the following polyphenols as helpful in reducing leaky gut syndrome:

• Quercetin
• Epigallocatechin gallate
• Catechin
• Epicatechin
• Resveratrol
• Berberine
• Curcumin

Polyphenols are found in berries, apples, green, white, and black tea, coffee, leafy greens, onions, peanuts, dark chocolate, turmeric, and more.

Probiotics and Prebiotics

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms found in foods and supplements that help maintain the homeostasis of our gut microbiota. They are a standard aid in the treatment of leaky gut syndrome. Probiotics help regulate the production of short-chain fatty acids, improve enzyme activity, and strengthen the intestinal barrier.

Some of the most studied probiotics for gut health include Lactobacillus plantarum, L. rhamnosus, and L. acidophilus. They can be taken as dietary supplements or consumed via foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, pickles, kimchi, fermented soy products, and certain cheeses.

Prebiotics are foods that feed beneficial bacteria in our digestive tract. They are found in fiber-rich plants, including various fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, nuts, and seeds. Prebiotics modulate the inflammatory response and promote healthy microbiota. 

Dietary Supplements

All the compounds found in foods that can alleviate a leaky gut and improve gastrointestinal disorders can also be taken in the form of dietary supplements. Supplements contain much higher concentrations of beneficial nutrients, accelerating their positive effects.

Apart from probiotics, prebiotics, and glutamine, gut-supporting supplements often contain vitamins A and D. Their effects on gut microbiota are indirect, but they are necessary for the intestinal barrier integrity.

Our medical professionals at Vibrant recommend the following products to improve leaky gut:

Gut Support

Gut Support is formulated with L-glutamine, zinc, aloe vera leaf, chamomile extract, quercetin, and other ingredients that provide comprehensive support for gut health. They help strengthen and protect the intestinal mucosal lining and reduce intestinal permeability.

Vibrant Digest

Vibrant Digest contains digestive enzymes like peptidase (DPPIV), amylases, pepsin, proteases, and lactase, which support the healthy digestion of macronutrients and may help with symptoms associated with leaky gut syndrome.

Vibrant Biome

Vibrant Biome contains a proprietary blend of eight potent probiotic strains, which help support healthy gut microflora and strengthen the immune system.

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DISCLAIMER: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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Medical Herbs

Medical plants have been used for thousands of years for health concerns, including gut-related problems. Anectodal evidence shows they aid digestion, regulate bowel movement, and reduce uncomfortable symptoms like bloating and gas. Recent research also suggests they may help with leaky gut-related disorders.

Scientists have identified the following medical herbs as potential remedies for a leaky gut:

• Camellia sinensis (Tea plant) – Improves the intestinal barrier.
• Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle plant) – Suppresses inflammatory cytokines.
• Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice plant) – Promotes intestinal epithelium integrity.
• Althaea officinalis (Marshmallow plant) – Decreases inflammatory cytokines.
• Zingiber officinale (Ginger) – Has direct antimicrobial properties.
• Mentha piperita (Peppermint) – Alleviates IBS and other abdominal symptoms.
• Plantago lanceolate L. (Ribwort plantain plant) – Contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds.

Improved Lifestyle Habits

There are other lifestyle factors, apart from diet, that cause inflammation and, in time, wear down the intestinal lining. They include stress, alcohol and nicotine use, medication overuse, lack of sleep, environmental toxins, and more.

The following habits may help avoid inflammation and reduce harmful bacteria, preventing leaky gut and other gastrointestinal problems.

• Limit or eliminate alcohol.
• Stop smoking.
• Limit or eliminate sugar and high-processed foods.
• Take a 20-minute walk after large meals.
• Engage in stress-relieving activities.
• Get seven to nine hours of uninterrupted sleep.
• Take antibiotics and other medications only as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
• Take measures to protect yourself from chemical toxins (e.g., use gloves when washing dishes, always wash fruit and vegetables before use, etc.).

Signs Leaky Gut Is Healing

When intestinal permeability improves, symptoms associated with leaky gut gradually decrease. Signs of healing may include:

• Reduced bloating and gas.
• Reduced abdominal cramping, burning, and pain.
• Improved bowel movement and stool consistency.
• Increased energy levels.
• Improved food tolerance and fewer reactions to previously irritating foods.

How Long Does It Take for Leaky Gut to Heal?

The healing of leaky gut takes time and depends on the patient’s resolve to follow the prescribed diet and lifestyle modifications. The process is gradual and may take anywhere from a few weeks to several months, depending on the underlying cause.

Conclusion

Leaky gut syndrome refers to gastrointestinal problems associated with increased intestinal permeability, or a dysfunctional intestinal barrier that “leaks” harmful molecules into the bloodstream. Doctors typically recommend a specific diet, gut-supporting supplements, probiotics, and various lifestyle modifications. Patients who follow the prescribed treatment experience a gradual improvement in symptoms.

The nutrients absorbed by your intestines provide energy to your cells, stimulate tissue repair, promote cell growth, reduce inflammation, and support essential bodily functions. By understanding what affects nutrient absorption, you can maximize the nutritional value of your food, help prevent deficiencies, and support your overall health.

In this article, you will discover practical ways to improve nutrient absorption and make the most of a healthy diet.

How to Fix Poor Nutrient Absorption? 

Consuming nutritious food does automatically guarantee physical and emotional well-being as your body may struggle to absorb essential nutrients for various reasons (e.g., intestinal disorders, medications, digestive enzyme deficiency). Luckily, there are ways to overcome poor nutrient absorption and mitigate gastrointestinal issues. Here some essential tips:

Food Combinations

There are no “superfoods” that can magically boost nutrient absorption. While an anti-inflammatory diet is a great starting point, the key lies in strategic food pairing. Some nutrients enhance absorption, while others inhibit it. By combining foods thoughtfully, you can significantly improve both nutrient absorption and overall gut health.

Follow these practical guidelines, and you may notice a difference in just a few days.

Eat Prebiotics and Probiotics Together

You can increase the nutritional benefits of your diet by combining prebiotics (non-digestible fibers that feed good bacteria) and probiotics (beneficial strains of live bacteria).

Prebiotics are commonly found in bananas, oats, onions, barley, and flaxseeds. The best probiotic sources include yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, and other fermented foods. Together, they support digestive health, enrich gut flora, reduce intestinal inflammation, and help the body absorb more nutrients.

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Note: Learn to distinguish between prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics, and explore how each affects your microbiome and overall health.

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Combine Healthy Fats with Vegetables

Consuming healthy fats with vegetables enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), which play essential roles in bone and muscle health, vision, immune function, and circulatory system. Studies show that these vitamins are absorbed more effectively when consumed with dietary fats.

You can increase their bioavailability by adding healthy oils and fats to vegetables rich in these nutrients, such as carrots, kale, spinach, sweet potatoes, mushrooms, collards, and broccoli. Add extra-virgin olive oil to your salads or pair vegetables with avocados, chia seeds, flaxseeds, walnuts, coconut, full-fat yogurt, eggs, and fish.

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Note: Read about the skin benefits of fatty acids and why to avoid consuming trans fats.

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Boost Lycopene Absorption with Healthy Fats

Lycopene is a potent antioxidant, like beta-carotene and other fat-soluble vitamins, and is best absorbed when consumed with healthy fats like nuts, seeds, fatty fish, and eggs. It is found in tomatoes, grapefruit, asparagus, red cabbage, papaya, apricots, and watermelon. Research shows lycopene neutralizes free-radical damage and reduces metabolic disorders related to oxidative stress, including inflammation, obesity, and diabetes.

Optimize Nutrition with a Variety of Protein Sources

Eating a variety of protein sources ensures you get all the essential amino acids. Complete proteins come from animal products, while plant-based sources like nuts, legumes, and grains are incomplete and should be combined for full amino acid balance. For example, you can combine rice and beans or whole-wheat bread and peanut butter. Eating diverse proteins will enhance gut function, support muscle growth and repair, and boost overall health.

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Note: Read about the benefits of amino acid IV therapy.

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Pair Vitamin C with Iron

Iron found in animal products (“heme iron”) is easily absorbed, while plant-based iron (“non-heme iron”) requires a vitamin C boost for better absorption. It is best to combine vitamin C with non-heme iron in a single meal to enhance this mineral’s bioavailability. Pair vitamin C-rich foods like citrus fruits, bell peppers, kiwi fruits, strawberries, and broccoli with plant-based iron sources such as beans, lentils, tofu, and spinach.

Increase Calcium Intake with Vitamin D

Calcium and vitamin D keep your bones, muscles, and nerves healthy. Vitamin D also helps your body absorb calcium and is essential for getting this mineral into your bloodstream. A deficiency in vitamin D can result in a calcium deficiency, leading to weaker bones, osteoporosis, and impaired nerve signaling.

Try pairing vitamin D-rich foods like egg yolks, beef, and fatty fish with calcium-rich foods like yogurt, almonds, cheese, milk, and leafy greens. This will ensure more efficient absorption and prevent muscle wasting and bone fractures.

Our experts recommend using a dietary supplement called Vibrant D that promotes bone and arterial health and supports the immune system.

Combine Turmeric with Black Pepper

Turmeric adds flavor, color, and nutrition to food. It also has strong antioxidant power and can relieve arthritis symptoms and improve kidney function. Its active compound, a potent anti-inflammatory agent called curcumin, requires a small amount of black pepper to be readily absorbed.

Avoid Combining High-Calcium Foods with Iron, Zinc, and Magnesium

Calcium can interfere with the absorption of iron, zinc, and magnesium. To optimize absorption, avoid pairing high-calcium foods like dairy with foods rich in these minerals, such as meat, eggs, leafy greens, rice, and oats. This advice also applies to supplements, so do not take a calcium supplement during meals high in iron, zinc, and magnesium, such as beans, vegetables, lean meat, seafood, and mineral-fortified cereals.

Gut-Boosting Supplements

Probiotics, digestive enzymes, and other dietary supplements promote nutrient absorption, support digestion, and improve gut flora.

Consult a healthcare professional to find the most suitable gut-boosting supplements for your digestive health needs. Our experts recommend Vibrant Gut Support, a supplement that supports gastrointestinal health, boosts immune function, strengthens the intestinal lining, and helps prevent gut dysbiosis. 

Cooking Methods

How you cook and prepare food is equally important as what you eat. Certain cooking methods help preserve the nutritional value of vegetables, while others destroy most vitamins and minerals.

• Steaming vegetables is the most effective cooking method for retaining nutrients and preserving their antioxidant properties. This is particularly important for vitamins that are sensitive to heat, such as thiamine (B1), pantothenic acid (B5), and vitamin C.
• Stir-frying is preferable to pan or deep-frying due to shorter cooking time and lower exposure to unhealthy oils. This method is also good for digestion as it helps the food retain fiber and remain crispy.
• Oven roasting is another way to preserve nutrients and fibers in vegetables. Beware of overcooking at high temperatures, as it can significantly degrade heat-sensitive vitamins.

Boiling vegetables reduces the availability of nutrients due to leaching (the loss of nutrients into cooking water). If you choose to boil vegetables, cover the pot to reduce cooking time, use as little water as possible to minimize nutrient loss, and repurpose the leftover water as a base for soup.

Soaking Grains, Nuts, Seeds, and Legumes

You may be eating a handful of nuts and seeds every day but not getting their full nutritional content. While grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds are rich in essential minerals like zinc, iron, magnesium, and selenium, they also contain phytic acid, an anti-nutrient that can inhibit mineral absorption.

Scientific evidence shows that soaking and sprouting can reduce phytic acid and prevent it from binding to minerals. To maximize nutrient absorption, soak legumes in warm water for a few hours before cooking, soak and dry the nuts in the oven, and opt for overnight oats when possible.

Frozen Foods

Surprisingly, frozen produce can be just as nutritious and sometimes more nutrient-packed than fresh produce. Fresh fruits and vegetables are often picked before they are fully ripe to survive transport and storage, which can lead to significant nutrient loss. They are also often exposed to heat and light during transport and storage, which degrades heat-sensitive vitamins like B and C.

Frozen produce is typically picked at peak ripeness, which helps preserve its full nutrient content. Choose seasonal fresh fruits and vegetables or flash-frozen produce for maximum nutritional benefits.

Mindful Eating

Chewing breaks food into smaller pieces, making it easier to swallow and digest. Eating slowly and mindfully stimulates saliva, stomach acid, pancreatic juices, and digestive enzymes, which aid digestion and nutrient absorption. Chewing thoroughly can also alleviate digestive discomfort like bloating and ensure that all the nutrients are effectively absorbed.

Avoid distractions during meals and focus on the colors, flavors, and textures of your food. This will indirectly slow down eating and improve digestion.

Keeping the Peel

Unpeeled fruits and vegetables are highly nutritious because the outer skin contains most of the essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, fiber, and digestive enzymes. For example, leaving the skin on a cucumber preserves 82% of its vitamin K, while an apple’s peel provides 52% of its fiber, 38% of its vitamin A, and 24% of its vitamin C. The skin of a baked potato also holds 88% of its total iron content.

Wash the produce thoroughly and keep the skin intact to maximize its nutritional benefits, stabilize blood sugar, and improve digestion.

Hydration

Drinking water helps your digestion run smoothly by stimulating the movement of food through the digestive tract, promoting regular bowel movements, softening the stool, and preventing constipation.

Spring or glacier water, rich in minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium, supports nutrient absorption. When drinking spring water, check its alkalinity to avoid interfering with digestion since consuming alkaline water with meals may neutralize stomach acid. 

Additionally, water assists with the breakdown of food, transporting nutrients across the intestinal barrier. It also helps the body flush out toxins and reduces exposure to harmful substances by speeding up stool transit through the large intestine, potentially lowering the risk of colon cancer.

Stress Management

Chronic stress can hinder nutrient absorption by impairing digestion and increasing inflammation. Prolonged mental, physical, and emotional stress can disrupt gut flora, trigger unhealthy cravings, alter appetite, and affect blood flow in the GI tract.

Prioritize your mental health with stress-relieving activities like exercise, deep breathing, journaling, meditation, and hiking. For better gastrointestinal and overall health, consider professional support. A qualified therapist will help you develop effective stress management strategies.

Checking for An Underlying Medical Condition

Nutrient absorption can be affected by various medical conditions, including malabsorption disorders, food allergy or intolerances, hormonal changes, or intestinal damage. Since about 90% of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, any damage to its lining can significantly impact this process.

Malabsorption occurs when the body cannot properly absorb nutrients, leading to deficiencies, weakened immunity, and unintended weight loss. Deficiencies in micronutrients can affect skin, hair, bones, and eye health, while macronutrient deficiencies may result in muscle wasting, anemia, and overall undernutrition.

If you experience symptoms of impaired nutrient absorption, consult a healthcare professional to identify and address any underlying conditions.

Conclusion

A nutrient-dense diet can strengthen the immune system, alleviate pain, and reduce symptoms of chronic medical conditions. But understanding how to minimize nutrient loss and enhance absorption is just as important as eating healthy foods. The well-known phrase “you are what you eat” could just as fittingly be expressed as “you are what you absorb.”

Contact our Vibrant Vitality Clinic team if you have additional questions about healthy food plans, medical weight loss programs, and dietary supplements for optimal gut health.

The stress we encounter in daily life can take a toll on our gastrointestinal health. Anxiety and worry can lead to stomach discomfort, which usually subsides once the source of stress is no longer present. However, if stress-related digestive issues are not addressed, they may result in long-term health complications.

This article explores the connection between stress and the stomach and offers tips to support a stress-resilient gut microbiome.

Can Stress Cause Stomach Issues?

The short answer is yes. Too much stress can impact you both mentally and physically, increasing the risk of gut diseases, stomach ailments, and chronic conditions.

Stress directly affects your gastrointestinal health and often leads to “nervous stomach,” an ailment characterized by microbiome disruption, increased acidity, and a greater risk of gut disorders.

Why Does Stress Cause Stomach Issues?

Chronic stress or a single nerve-racking event can severely impact your gastrointestinal health for the following reasons:

• The stomach as our “second brain” - Studies on the gut-brain axis indicate a strong connection between the brain and the digestive system. The gut houses the largest nerve hub outside the brain - the enteric nervous system (ENS). Located in the lining of the GI tract, the ENS plays a crucial role in regulating digestion, gut function, and overall health.
• “Fight or flight” response - When stressed, the nervous system triggers the “fight or flight” response, stimulating the bowel muscles to push waste through the system, causing diarrhea, cramping, nausea, or bloating. This “panic mode” can impact the muscles of the GI tract by causing the esophagus muscles to contract more intensely.
• Stress-induced hormonal change – Stress-triggered hormones and chemicals enter the gut, decrease antibody production, and impair digestion. Hormonal imbalances can also increase the secretion of gastric juices, slow gut motility, and disrupt the delicate balance of gut microflora (microorganisms in the digestive tract that aid digestion).
• Weakened immunity - Chronic stress can weaken the immune response, disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, trigger more acid release, and increase the risk of infection.
• Increased inflammation - Stress also increases inflammation, which may provoke gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining) or colitis (inflammation in the colon) if left untreated.

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Note: Learn about the connection between gut health and hormones.

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What Does a Stressed Stomach Feel Like?

Excessive worry can produce a range of gastrointestinal problems, which usually subside once the trigger is gone. However, symptoms may become recurrent or intensify if ignored.

These are the most common stress-induced stomach issues:

• Loss of appetite
• Increased appetite
• Unhealthy food cravings
• Heartburn (pyrosis)
• Hiccups
• Burping
• Acid reflux
• Cramping
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Slower digestion
• Gut dysbiosis
• Bloating
• Gas
• Flatulence (farting)
• Stomach pain or discomfort
• Tightness in the abdomen
• Irregular bowel movements
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Peptic ulcers
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Can You Prevent Stress-Related Stomach Issues?

You cannot avoid stress altogether, but you can take preventive measures to build stress resilience and restore gut health.

Follow these tips to minimize stress-related stomach issues.

• Identify common stress triggers – Learn what food, behavior, and activities upset your stomach. Become aware of these stress triggers and minimize or eliminate them if possible.
• Learn how to manage stress – Adopt a stress-management technique to minimize the damage and recover faster. You can try deep breathing, meditation, and mindfulness exercises.
• Socialize - Attend events and social gatherings that put your mind at ease. Surround yourself with people who share your interests and hobbies.
• Engage in relaxing activities – Choose activities that help you relax and unwind, such as gardening, arts and crafts, and reading.
• Talk to a psychotherapist – Seek professional help to learn how to keep stress at bay and enhance overall emotional resilience.
• Adopt a healthy diet - Choose food rich in prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to support your gut flora and aid digestion.
• Keep a food journal – Keep track of what you eat every day to check what foods are causing discomfort and reveal potential food allergies or intolerance.
• Engage in regular physical activities - Avoid sitting for too long. Studies show that a sedentary lifestyle is the root cause of many health problems, including poor gut health.
• Rest – Get enough sleep and take breaks to reduce inflammation and help your body recover from accumulated stress.
• Lose excess weight – Stress can cause weight gain, putting more pressure on your stomach and causing heartburn and other discomforts.
• Visit the doctor - Schedule regular check-ups with your primary care physician and visit a gastroenterologist if your symptoms persist.

How Do I Relax My Stomach from Stress?

There are effective ways to ease stomach tensions and alleviate intestinal discomfort. You can boost gut health by modifying your diet and lifestyle choices or taking gut-enhancing supplements and medication.

Learn how to reduce stress-related digestive issues and restore healthy microbial balance.

Adjust Your Diet

Dietary changes can lessen gastrointestinal issues and facilitate digestion. Here are the most impactful changes you can make:

• Avoid spicy, acidic, and deep-fried food because they are hard to digest and may trigger acid release and irritate the stomach lining.
• Eliminate junk food, trans fats, and sugary drinks to reduce inflammation.
• Limit the consumption of cold foods and drinks on an empty stomach, such as ice cream, slushies, or iced drinks.
• Limit your caffeine intake and eliminate alcoholic and fermented beverages if possible.
• Stick to plain foods like toast, crackers, rice, broth, and bananas until you feel better.
• Reduce your meal portions and eat more frequently.
• Avoid overeating to prevent bloating, gas, constipation, and acid reflux.
• Eat regularly and don’t skip meals to maintain a steady digestive system and curb unhealthy cravings.
• Choose light, easy-to-digest foods instead of heavy meals before bed. Experts recommend having dinner two to four hours before bedtime.
• Chew slowly and don’t lie down immediately after eating to facilitate digestion, shorten the time food spends in the stomach, and avoid gastroesophageal reflux.
• Hydrate properly and try drinking a glass of water on an empty stomach an hour before breakfast.

Take Gut-Boosting Supplements

Add gut-enhancing supplements to your daily regimen if dietary changes do not resolve the problem. They can help restore gut flora balance, reduce inflammation, and improve digestion. Examples include probiotics, digestive enzymes, and gut-enhancing dietary supplements.

Our experts recommend the following gut-boosting supplements:

Vibrant Gut Support

Vibrant Gut Support enhances gastrointestinal function by facilitating nutrient absorption, ensuring proper gut lining permeability while preserving its integrity. This broad-range supplement also acts as a barrier against toxins, allergens, and microbes entering the bloodstream.

Vibrant Redness Relief

Vibrant Redness Relief is a potent anti-inflammatory supplement that modulates the inflammatory response, stimulates lymphatic drainage, and promotes the natural clearance of proteins. It neutralizes free radical damage, minimizes oxidative stress, and supports the gut. Experts recommend it for alleviating the symptoms of leaky gut and seasonal allergies.

Vibrant Biome

Vibrant Biome contains eight immune-boosting bacterial strains formulated to support the gastrointestinal system by mimicking the microbial diversity found in cultured foods. This supplement helps to restore gut flora balance, maintain GI regularity, and reduce skin inflammation.

Vibrant Digest

Vibrant Digest promotes nutrient absorption and may lessen occasional bloating by aiding the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Taking Vibrant Digest before meals can benefit individuals who experience post-meal gas, occasional constipation, or a sense of fullness after eating small amounts of food.

Vibrant Soothe and Move

Vibrant Soothe and Move is a weight-loss supplement that helps eliminate waste and built-up toxins while increasing energy and nutrient absorption. Our medical weight loss experts recommend this natural cleanser to people who wish to jumpstart their weight loss journey by eliminating layers of colon waste, alleviating constipation, and maintaining GI regularity.

*Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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Note: You can also try adding stress-relieving vitamins and supplements to alleviate tension.

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Change Your Lifestyle

Adopting a healthier lifestyle can considerably improve your gut health and reduce stress-related symptoms. Here are the most effective methods to restore gut microbiome and build resilience.

• Stop smoking – Nicotine weakens the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle that keeps food from flowing back up. That is why smokers are more likely to have acid reflux, heartburn, and stomach ulcers.
• Avoid drinking alcohol - Eliminate the consumption of alcoholic beverages to reduce inflammation, preserve the intestinal barrier, and prevent gut dysbiosis.
• Move your body – Regular exercise and movement stimulate digestion, boost gut motility, and promote microbial diversity.
• Get plenty of rest – Aim for 7 to 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep every night to recover from daily stress, restore energy, and improve overall health.
• Hydrate frequently – Drink water and caffeine-free herbal tea to detox the system, improve digestion, and prevent constipation.

Take Over-the-Counter or Prescribed Medication

Over-the-counter drugs may provide temporary relief. The most common examples are:

• Antacids  - They provide rapid pain relief and help neutralize stomach acid.
• Peppermint oil capsules or teas – This soothing natural remedy neutralizes stomach acid and relieves digestive discomfort.
• Carminative drugs – These herbal remedies help alleviate intestinal gas and bloating.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – These gastric antisecretory drugs are available over the counter or by prescription and help decrease stomach acid production.

If the symptoms persist or start worsening, your gastroenterologist can prescribe some of the following medications:

• An acid reducer – Acid-reducing medicines like H2 blockers and PPIs treat reflux and heartburn, alleviate symptoms of reflux, heartburn, indigestion, and ulcers, and prevent damage to your digestive system.
• Stomach pain reliever – Prescribed antispasmodics treat severe symptoms like abdominal pain, cramps, and spasms.
• Dimenhydrinate medicines – These drugs help reduce motion sickness and prevent nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.

Consider Psychotherapy

Professional counseling is beneficial if you cannot cope with stress on your own or if symptoms worsen. You may also notice sleep disruption, mood swings, and inability to focus. These are all signals that you could benefit from the help of a mental health professional. Psychotherapy can significantly lessen the intensity of daily stress, equip you with practical coping skills, and help reduce gastrointestinal problems.

How Long Do Stressed Stomach Issues Last?

Stress-related stomach issues typically resolve within a few hours and subside once the stressor is gone. However, if the discomfort persists for more than a day, it may indicate an underlying medical condition, and it is best to consult your doctor.

Are There Any Risks of Untreated Stress-Related Stomach Issues?

Untreated stress-related stomach problems may lead to serious medical complications and produce lesions in the stomach. The risk increases if you have an underlying medical condition, an autoimmune disease, or a family history of gastrointestinal disorders.

The risks include the following:

• Stomach ulcers
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Gastric bleeding
• Gastritis
• Malabsorption of iron
• Malabsorption of vitamin B12
• Celiac disease
• Crohn's disease
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Stomach cancer

When Should You Visit a Doctor?

Seek immediate medical assistance if the symptoms do not abate or become more frequent. Warning signs include loss of appetite, vomiting, black tarry stools, nausea, and increased GI discomfort.

Symptoms like unexplained weight fluctuations, rectal bleeding, fever, ongoing nighttime diarrhea, and intense abdominal pain may indicate a more serious medical condition.

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Note: As of 2023, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and major GI organizations recommend colorectal cancer screenings for average-risk adults starting at age 45. Those with a family history of colorectal or other GI cancers or conditions like IBD may need to start earlier.

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Conclusion

Stomach problems are a common symptom of stress and anxiety. Identifying the cause of your gut discomfort can help mitigate symptoms and restore gut balance. You can address this by modifying your diet and lifestyle and seeking professional medical help.

Our Vibrant Vitality Clinic experts are here to assist you with any questions about improving your gut health and emotional well-being.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is not life-threatening, and it doesn’t physically alter the bowel tissue, but symptoms can be severe and disrupt normal daily life. The discomforts of IBS include bloating, gas, stomach pain, constipation, and diarrhea.

This article discusses IBS remedies and treatments, helping you find a treatment plan that will alleviate your specific set of symptoms.

10 Best IBS Remedies

Medical professionals don’t know the exact cause of IBS, and there is no permanent cure. Current treatments focus on relieving discomfort, pain, and stool problems. Most patients are able to manage symptoms with dietary and lifestyle changes, medications, and psychotherapy.

1. Dietary Changes

Diet modification is usually a necessary step in eliminating IBS symptoms. These modifications are unique to each patient, depending on the symptoms, their severity, and which foods trigger them. Dietary changes for IBS include:

• Eliminating foods that trigger IBS symptoms – Patients are advised to keep a journal of what they eat, track how they feel after each meal, and eliminate potentially triggering foods. Common dietary IBS triggers include overly processed, sweet, and spicy foods, dairy products, gluten, carbonated beverages, and carbohydrates that are difficult to digest.
• Low FODMAPs diet – Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols are carbohydrates that are digested by bacteria living in the intestine. It’s a natural process that can cause bloating, gas, and discomfort in people with a sensitive GI tract. Doctors put such patients on a special FODMAP diet. It consists of eliminating or reducing the intake of some grains (wheat, rye, and barley), fruits (peaches, plums, apples, cherries, etc.), vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, garlic, etc.), and dairy.
• Introducing high-fiber foods – Patients who suffer from constipation may benefit from consuming more fiber-rich foods, such as oats, legumes, fruits, and vegetables. Fiber helps soften the stool. However, it can also cause gas and bloating, so nutritionists recommend gradually increasing fiber consumption by adding 2-3 grams daily until reaching the optimal amount (22-34 grams of fiber daily).
• Decreasing fiber-rich foods intake – Patients who suffer from diarrhea should reduce fiber intake.
• Mindful eating – Having regular meals at approximately the same time, eating at a dining table without electronic devices, and slowly chewing helps reduce swallowed air, prevent overeating, and improve digestion.

2. Drinking More Water

Water lubricates the GI tract, helping to soften the stool and prevent constipation. It also replaces lost fluids in patients with diarrhea. The recommended water intake is about eight glasses of water daily. IBS patients who consume more fiber or have diarrhea should drink even more. If you don’t like water, have unsweetened tea and non-carbonated sugar-free drinks.

3. No Alcohol

Alcohol can exacerbate IBS symptoms. In some cases, patients react only to a specific beverage, often beer. Others feel a relief in symptoms when they decrease the amount of alcohol they consume. Health professionals recommend limiting alcohol intake to 14 units spread over one week (14 units equals six pints of beer, six glasses of wine, or 12 measures of spirits). They also advise going several days without alcohol. If possible, it is best to eliminate alcohol.

4. Healthy Sleep

Disrupted sleep negatively affects the balance of hormones, neurotransmitters, and beneficial bacteria in our gut that are responsible for various health parameters. IBS patients who suffer from sleep problems report increased abdominal pain, likely due to impaired pain-inhibitory function of the nervous system. They are also more prone to mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression. The link between sleep problems and abdominal pain underscores the significant connection between the gut and the brain.

Medical professionals advise the following practices for regulating sleep:

• Waking up and going to bed at the same time.
• Going to bed before midnight.
• Keeping the bedroom dark and cool.
• Aiming for seven to nine hours of sleep.

5. Regular Exercise

Health experts recommend regular exercise for overall health and IBS relief. A minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly can help decrease stress, improve sleep, and support gut motility. Moderate exercise includes activities that increase heart rate, including brisk walks, jogging, cycling, swimming, aerobics, etc.

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Note: Learn how exercise improves hormonal balance and overall health.

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6. Managing Stress

Stress is one of the common triggers of IBS. Relaxing activities help manage stress and alleviate mild IBS symptoms. These include:

• Meditation
• Deep breathing
• Nature walks
• Relaxing music
• Yoga
• Socializing with friends

7. Counseling

Past trauma, emotional distress, and mood disorders like anxiety and depression can significantly exacerbate IBS. Patients may not be able to manage the symptoms on their own but need help from a mental health professional.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is the most effective psychological treatment for IBS patients. It focuses on revising thought and behavior patterns. Therapists also use hypnotherapy to mitigate IBS symptoms.

8. Supplements

Food is the primary source of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients necessary for optimal health. However, supplements step in when our nutrient intake is low for various reasons – nutrient malabsorption, poor diet, etc. Health professionals prescribe the following supplements to IBS patients: 

• Fiber – Fiber-rich foods improve stool consistency and frequency, but they may worsen other symptoms, like boating and gas. Fiber supplements may be a better option for some patients. They usually contain psyllium, methylcellulose, partially hydrolyzed guar gum, sterculia, etc.
• Probiotics – Live microorganisms improve our gut microbiome health and balance. They regulate bowel movement, alleviate abdominal pain, and reduce bloating and gas. Different probiotic strains are selected for specific IBS symptoms. Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, and Lactobacillus plantarum  are among the most effective for IBS.
• Peppermint oil capsules – The main ingredient, menthol, helps gut muscles relax, improves contractions and motility, and reduces abdominal pain. These effects are quick-acting but can be short-lived. Look for enteric-coated or slow-release capsules to prolong the effects.
• Digestive enzymes – They aid digestion in patients who lack certain enzymes, such as lactase, which is essential for breaking down lactose in dairy products. Identify which enzyme deficiency you have and choose the appropriate supplement.

9. Medications

Doctors prescribe medications to patients with more severe IBS symptoms. The therapy depends on whether the patient has diarrhea or constipation.

Drugs for IBS patients with diarrhea include:

• Loperamide
• Eluxadoline
• Rifaximin
• Alosetron
• Dicyclomine
• Cholestyramine
• Colestipol
• Low-dose antidepressants imipramine, desipramine, or nortriptyline

Drugs for IBS patients with constipation include:

• Lubiprostone
• Linaclotide
• Laxatives (magnesium hydroxide oral, polyethylene glycol)
• SSRI antidepressants (fluoxetine, paroxetine) – if the patient also has depression

Doctors prescribe pain medications like pregabalin and gabapentin for abdominal pain, cramps, and bloating.

10. Alternative Therapies

Holistic treatments like acupuncture, therapeutic massage, and aromatherapy relax the muscles, reduce stress and anxiety, soothe the nervous system, and may improve gut motility. Health professionals prescribe these treatments with other therapies and lifestyle changes as an integrative approach to managing IBS.

Can You Prevent IBS?

Medical professionals don’t know the exact cause of IBS. In most cases, it is the result of a combination of factors, such as stress, poor diet, a sedentary lifestyle, and genetics. Without a known cause, it is difficult to prevent the condition. However, healthier lifestyle habits reduce the risk of developing IBS and many other diseases. These habits include:

• Nutrient-rich diet
• Limiting or eliminating sugars and processed foods
• Limiting or eliminating alcohol
• Adequate water intake
• Regular exercise
• Healthy sleep
• Relaxing activities to reduce stress

What Happens If You Ignore IBS?

Patients who ignore IBS symptoms may experience their worsening and a decline in their quality of life. Severe gas and bloating can make office life difficult and hinder social interactions. Pain and discomfort disrupt sleep, increase stress, and further exacerbate the symptoms.

Prolonged, untreated IBS can also lead to other health complications, such as malnutrition, anal fissures, hemorrhoids, and mental issues like anxiety and depression.

When Should I See a Doctor?

If you have diarrhea, constipation, or both paired with bloating, gas, stomach pain, and discomfort for several months, you may have IBS. Seek medical help to alleviate the symptoms and reduce the risk of aggravating other conditions.

Some patients experience other, more severe problems with the common IBS symptoms. They include:

• Sudden weight loss
• Rectal bleeding
• Severe abdominal pain
• Fever
• Nausea
• Repeated vomiting
• Ongoing diarrhea that disrupts sleep at night

Contact your doctor immediately if you have these symptoms. They may suggest another, more serious medical condition.

Conclusion

IBS, or irritable bowel syndrome, is a common gastrointestinal condition that causes irregular stool, abdominal problems, and, sometimes, mental distress. Patients who don’t treat IBS usually experience a deterioration of symptoms. Don’t wait for this to happen. Improve your lifestyle habits and consult a trusted medical provider to help you manage your IBS.

Learn more about gut health in our blog posts on Gut Health and Hormones, Gut Dysbiosis, and Food Intolerance.

Serotonin is an important chemical that regulates our mood and behavior. Out-of-range levels impact sleep patterns, cognitive abilities, digestion, and other bodily functions. Scientists are still trying to understand how serotonin works and what causes its fluctuations.

This article explains how serotonin deficiency may impact our health and offers practical ways to optimize levels through medication and natural treatments.

What Is Serotonin Deficiency?

Serotonin is a chemical messenger that regulates various bodily functions, including mood, behavior, memory, sleep, appetite, and digestion.

Serotonin deficiency occurs when your body cannot produce enough serotonin or fails to use it efficiently, which may impact both physical and mental health. This condition affects people differently and is difficult to diagnose because optimal serotonin levels vary from person to person.

Serotonin Deficiency Symptoms

Serotonin deficiency can provoke a range of emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms. Multiple symptoms can coincide and change depending on serotonin’s fluctuating levels.

Psychological Symptoms

Insufficient serotonin may impact your emotional wellbeing and mental stability, resulting in:

• Memory problems
• Cognitive decline
• Dementia
• Irritability
• Aggression
• Negative thoughts
• Sadness
• Frequent crying spells
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Social withdrawal
• Social anxiety disorder
• Low self-esteem
• Increased sensitiveness
• Reduced libido
• Phobias
• Panic disorder
• Impulsive behavior
• Suicidal behavior
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Physical Symptoms

Serotonin deficiency can trigger or worsen a wide range of physical problems, such as:

• Disrupted metabolism
• Weakened immunity
• Chronic pain
• Abdominal pain
• Low energy
• Fatigue
• Digestive issues
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Loss of appetite
• Increased appetite
• Binge eating (e.g., carb cravings)
• Disrupted sleep (e.g., insomnia)
• Hot flashes
• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Blood clotting
• Body sugar imbalance
• Impaired cardiac function
• Disrupted liver function
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Osteoporosis
• Fibromyalgia (FMS)
• Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

New research suggests that low serotonin levels may also contribute to long COVID, while other studies show that serotonin deficiency is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and Parkinson’s disease. Scientists are also exploring how low serotonin levels may impact the growth of tumors in lung cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer.

Serotonin Deficiency Causes

The likely causes of serotonin deficiency are still unknown. Reduced serotonin production and impaired receptor function are associated with various potential triggers, such as genetics, stress, chronic pain, nutritional deficiencies, and environmental factors.

Ongoing research indicates that the following can be contributing factors:

• Research conducted on rats shows that early life stressors may impair the transport of serotonin in the body.
• This study indicates that an imbalanced gut microbiome caused by dietary changes, stress, or disease can dysregulate serotonin function.
• Some people are born with fewer or less effective serotonin receptors.
• The body may innately break down or absorb serotonin too soon.
• Studies show that nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamin D, vitamin B6, and omega-3 fatty acids, may prevent serotonin synthesis and release.
• Low levels of L-tryptophan, a serotonin precursor, can be the root cause.
• Chronic stress increases inflammation and reduces levels of serotonin and dopamine.
• Digestion issues (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome) are associated with lower serotonin levels that may lead to constipation.
• A hormonal imbalance can reduce serotonin levels, leading to anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders.
• Lack of sunlight has been linked to lower serotonin levels and an increased risk of seasonal depression.
• Drugs such as reserpine, corticosteroids, and propranolol may disrupt serotonin production and consequently lower its levels.

Further clinical research is needed to corroborate the exact causes of serotonin deficiency.

Serotonin Deficiency Test

There are no definitive diagnostic tools that show a serotonin deficiency. This complex medical issue is typically diagnosed by examining the patient’s symptoms and overall health condition.

Why Are Serotonin Deficiency Tests Unreliable?

Serotonin blood and urine levels are unreliable measurements as they do not reflect the amount of serotonin in the whole body. Serotonin can’t pass through the blood-brain barrier, meaning that blood and urine tests cannot indicate the amount of serotonin produced in the brain.

Serotonin Deficiency Treatment

Various medical and natural treatments can help boost serotonin levels and keep them in a healthy range. Depending on the symptoms, you should consult your primary healthcare provider and a psychologist. You may notice significant improvements with a combination of different strategies.

Use Prescribed Antidepressants

Antidepressant medications like selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclics (TCAs), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety triggered by low serotonin.

SSRIs are among the most commonly prescribed medications for conditions thought to involve serotonin deficiency. These drugs inhibit the reabsorption of released serotonin, allowing the body to use it more efficiently. The following SSRIs can enable a more effective use of serotonin:

• Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem)
• Citalopram (Celexa)
• Dapoxetine (Priligy)
• Escitalopram (Lexapro)
• Sertraline (Zoloft)
• Paroxetine (Paxil)
• Vortioxetine (Brintellix)

Discuss SSRI options with your chosen healthcare provider to determine if you are a suitable candidate. Bear in mind that antidepressants may cause side effects, do not always produce immediate results, and may not suit everyone.

Adjust Your Diet

Research has shown that high-fiber foods rich in tryptophan may increase serotonin levels and improve mood and overall health. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that stimulates the production of serotonin and can be found in:

• Eggs
• Cheese
• Turkey
• Tofu
• Milk
• Soy
• Fish (e.g., salmon)
• Pumpkin seeds
• Sesame seeds
• Pineapple
• Nuts

Exercise Regularly

Studies show that physical activity can boost serotonin production and release in the brain. Thirty minutes of daily aerobic exercises are the most effective, such as the following:

• Walking or brisk walking
• Running or jogging
• Light hiking
• Dancing
• Biking
• Stair climbing
• Swimming

Boost Immunity

Low serotonin may provoke a range of health conditions, increasing inflammation and compromising immunity. You can strengthen your immune response in the following ways:

• Take immune-boosting vitamins such as B, C, D, E, and A.
• Get 7-9 hours of sleep every night and take regular breaks.
• Hydrate often to maintain healthy mucous membranes which protect against pathogens.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol to reduce oxidative stress that disrupts immunity.
• Move your body and exercise regularly to strengthen the immune response.
• Adopt a nutrient-dense, anti-inflammatory diet to improve overall health.

Use Herbs and Dietary Supplements

Research indicates that herbal supplements and natural remedies may improve your serotonin levels and help treat depression. The following herbs and supplements may help regulate serotonin production:

• Curcumin – Recent studies conducted on rats suggest that this polyphenol compound can boost serotonin and dopamine in the brain’s frontal cortex.
• Folic acid (vitamin B9) – This synthetic vitamin B9 helps the brain synthesize norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine.
• Naringenin - This flavonoid found in citrus fruits helps restore serotonin and noradrenaline levels in the brain.
• Resveratrol – This potent antioxidant has been shown to increase serotonin in mice, aid weight loss, and improve skin quality.
• Safranal – This organic compound in the spice saffron may block serotonin uptake and help relieve mild to moderate depression.
• St. John’s wort – Some patients take it instead of an SSRI to reduce symptoms of depression, but experts warn against potential drug interactions. Never use it in combination with other prescribed antidepressant medications.
• 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) – This dietary supplement can help raise serotonin levels in the brain and relieve symptoms of depression, insomnia, and migraines.
• Probiotics – Probiotic supplements such as Vibrant Biome help support flora in the gastrointestinal tract, where 95% of serotonin is produced.
• Vitamins for stress relief – Vitamins B, D, and C help to reduce stress, which may disrupt serotonin levels and worsen the symptoms.

Consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplements, especially if you are taking prescribed antidepressants.

Engage in Stress-Reliving Activities

Relaxing and pleasurable activities can lower cortisol and increase serotonin levels, improving mood, behavior, and sleep.

• Massage
• Yoga
• Mood induction
• Meditation
• Mindfulness
• Breathing exercises
• Relaxing techniques
• Art therapy
• Music therapy
• Time spent in nature

Try Light Therapy

Studies have shown that exposure to bright light has profound serotonin-boosting effects. Sun exposure and light lamps can help the skin synthesize serotonin.

Spending 10-15 minutes in the sunshine while exercising can increase serotonin. Make sure to put on sunscreen before going outdoors to reduce the UV damage.

If you live in a cold, rainy climate or are at risk of skin cancer, you can try artificial light therapy. This treatment is practical if you don’t get enough natural sunlight or suffer from seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

While getting enough light is important, remember that digital screen light may disrupt sleep and exacerbate mood swings.

Conclusion

Serotonin has a profound effect on your mental and physical health, but its deficiency may be hard to spot. Learning how to restore serotonin to optimal levels can help alleviate symptoms and prevent potential medical complications.

Contact our friendly Vibrant Vitality Clinic team of professionals to learn more about practical ways to achieve a hormonal balance for long-term health and longevity.

Our body produces several chemicals that make us feel good. Serotonin is one of them. However, balanced serotonin levels are essential for other bodily systems, not just mood. The chemical is involved in digestive health, the sleep-wake cycle, appetite regulation, sexual function, body temperature regulation, wound healing, cognitive skills, and more.

This article explains what serotonin is, how it affects our overall health and behavior, and how to maintain adequate levels.

What Is Serotonin?

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter – a chemical substance that sends signals from nerves to other nerves or cells. It essentially "instructs" nerve cells on how to respond to stimuli, affecting functions such as mood regulation, sleep, and appetite.

In addition to its role in the brain, serotonin acts as a hormone when produced outside the nervous system, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. About 90% of the body’s serotonin is found in the digestive system, where it helps control gut movements and can affect processes like digestion and blood clotting.

A serotonin imbalance is associated with a host of unpleasant symptoms, most commonly depression and anxiety. Because of its strong impact on mood and behavior, treatments for many psychiatric and neurological conditions rely on modulating serotonin production. Imbalances in gut serotonin can lead to digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and constipation and may indirectly influence mood and mental health through the gut-brain axis. Research also suggests links between gut serotonin levels and conditions like obesity and osteoporosis.

Where Is Serotonin Produced?

Serotonin is synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan, which enters our bodies through food. About 5% of serotonin is synthesized in the brain, where it acts as a neurotransmitter, sending signals via neurons.

About 95% of serotonin is produced in the intestine, where it acts as a hormone that aids digestion and is involved in regulating intestinal movements (peristalsis). Once released into the blood, most of serotonin is absorbed by platelets. The rest is metabolized by the liver and excreted through urine or degraded in the lungs.

What Does Serotonin Do?

Serotonin regulates various bodily activities, including:

Mood and Behavior

Serotonin receptors are located in multiple brain regions which govern our behavior. Depending on which receptors are activated and how much serotonin is transmitted, the neurotransmitter affects our feelings and expressions of anger, aggression, fear, reward processing, and almost every other behavior. Normal serotonin levels contribute to emotional stability and increase happiness.

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Note: Learn more about the relationship between hormones and mental health.

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Cognitive Function

Many serotonin receptors are in the brain regions that regulate cognitive processes. Scientists speculate that serotonin concentrations and transmission are linked to memory, learning, concentration, decision-making, problem-solving, spatial navigation, and other cognitive skills.

Heart Function

Serotonin is involved in several cardiac processes, from heart development to heart rate regulation. It may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and atherosclerosis. Scientists are exploring serotonin-modulating drugs as promising treatment options.

Sleep

Serotonin is a precursor to melatonin, the key hormone regulating sleep. It is involved in controlling the circadian (sleep-wake) rhythms and its levels affect sleep onset and depth. An imbalance in serotonin levels can lead to difficulty falling asleep, interrupted sleep patterns, insomnia, and other sleep disorders.  

Appetite

Serotonin suppresses appetite and regulates food intake by influencing hunger signals and energy balance. It is considered a promising aid in weight loss and obesity treatments due to its effects on satiety and metabolism.

Digestion

One of serotonin’s key functions is regulating the movement of food through the digestive system. Disrupted serotonin signaling is associated with gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, and chronic diarrhea.

Body Temperature

The activation of different serotonin receptors causes an increase or a decrease in body temperature. With other chemicals, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, serotonin maintains a balanced thermoregulation system.

Wound Healing

When an injury occurs, platelets are activated at the injury site and release serotonin, which constricts blood vessels to limit blood flow and reduce blood loss. Serotonin also enhances the formation of blood clots to close the wound and stimulates fibroblasts – cells that produce collagen to form new tissue.

Sexual Drive

Serotonin has a complex effect on libido, depending on which receptors are activated. Studies show that high serotonin levels inhibit sex drive, while low levels are associated with increased sexual desire. That is why low libido is one of the side effects of SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), anti-depressants drugs that increase serotonin levels.

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Note: Learn what other hormones and factors contribute to low sex drive in men and how to treat it.

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Other Functions

The list of functions modulated by serotonin is long and includes breathing, eye health, bone density, immune function, stress response, pain sensitivity, embryonic development, and more. This chemical plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis across multiple systems, influencing both physical and mental wellbeing.

How Do I Know If I Have Low Serotonin?

Low serotonin levels are typically associated with mood disorders like depression and anxiety. It can also lead to other undesirable mental and psychological states, including:

• Irritability
• Frustration
• Phobias
• Panic attacks
• Schizophrenia
• Cognitive decline
• Dementia
• Lack of energy
• Muscle pain
• Digestive disorders
• Sleep problems, etc.

What Reduces Serotonin?

Not enough serotonin receptors or ineffective usage of serotonin by the receptors are the direct causes of low serotonin. They are affected by the following factors:

• Genetics
• Chronic stress
• Nutritionally poor diet
• Environmental toxins
• Lack of sunlight
• Hormonal imbalances
• Alcohol and nicotine
• Certain medications

How to Check Serotonin Levels?

There is no reliable blood test that accurately evaluates overall serotonin levels. The following procedures help doctors establish if a patient has a serotonin imbalance.

• Physical examination – Medical providers first physically examine the patient and discuss their symptoms, genetics, medical history, medications, and other factors that may signal serotonin deficiency.
• Blood and urine tests – Testing the level of certain vitamins and nutrients required for serotonin synthesis can help determine serotonin levels. Doctors can also check hormones that affect serotonin release, such as estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, thyroid hormones, etc.
• Other specialized tests – Doctors may order an image CT scan, X-ray, spinal tap, and other specialized tests to exclude conditions that produce similar symptoms to those of the serotonin syndrome (elevated serotonin levels).

How to Increase Serotonin?

If you recognize symptoms of decreased serotonin, try natural ways of enhancing it.

Regular Exercise

Exercise is one of the best ways to boost serotonin levels because it has no side effects (like medications) and improves other health markers. Only 20-30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily, such as jogging or swimming, can increase the concentrations of this feel-good hormone.

Diet Modification

Eating more foods with tryptophan, serotonin’s precursor, may help improve serotonin levels in the blood. Sources of tryptophan are salmon, eggs, nuts, seeds, dairy products, soy products, whole grains, and legumes.

Light Therapy

Exposure to sunshine or light lamps for at least 10-15 minutes daily is associated with an increase in feel-good hormones, including serotonin. Light therapy is used in countries with low amounts of natural light to treat patients with SAD (seasonal affective disorder) and depression.

Stress Relief

Chronic stress can damage our health in many ways. It can lead to inflammation, hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and more severe diseases. It can also disrupt serotonin release. Engage in stress-relieving activities, such as meditation, yoga, relaxing music, and daily walks to counter the effects of elevated cortisol.

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Note: Learn how to naturally lower cortisol levels and reduce the risk of stress-induced health problems.

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Medications

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatment for moderate to severe symptoms of serotonin deficiency, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behavior, eating disorders, etc. Prozac is one of the best-known SSRIs. These medications work by blocking the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin in the brain, increasing its availability and concentration. While SSRIs are effective, they are potent medications and carry a black box warning due to the increased risk of suicidal thoughts, particularly in young people. Always take them only under a doctor's supervision and recommendation.

Other serotonin-increasing medications include serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), tricyclic anti-depressants (TCA), and 5-HT receptor agonists. These medications are often prescribed for patients who don’t respond to SSRIs or to treat conditions such as migraines (5-HT receptor agonists).

Supplements

Supplements that may promote serotonin synthesis include:

• Probiotics – They help improve gut microbiota, potentially creating a healthier environment for serotonin synthesis.
• Tryptophan – Like tryptophan-rich foods, tryptophan supplements may promote serotonin synthesis. These supplements contain much higher concentrations than food and provide quicker results.
• St. John’s wort – This herb is a natural serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It also helps raise levels of other hormones that improve mood.
• B vitamins – They are essential in forming serotonin, especially B3 and B6. The vitamin B complex supports brain function and healthy energy levels.
• Vitamin D – It may help promote serotonin and melatonin synthesis, regulating sleep, mood, and other mental health parameters.

What Happens if Serotonin Levels Are Too High?

Serotonin syndrome or serotonin toxicity is a condition where patients suffer from excessive serotonin activity and associated symptoms. They include:

• Tremor
• Increased reflex response
• Uncontrollable jerking movements
• Increased heart rate
• Abnormally dilated pupils
• Excessive sweating
• Rapid breathing
• Overheating
• Vomiting
• Agitation
• Excitement
• Insomnia
• Confusion
• Anxiety

Serotonin syndrome can be caused by a reaction to a certain medication or taking higher doses than prescribed. It can be life-threatening if severe symptoms are not treated promptly.

How to Lower Serotonin?

If you experience serotonin toxicity, visit your doctor, or go to the ER immediately. The treatment typically involves the following:

• Stopping the medication that is causing the symptoms.
• Muscle relaxants or medications that paralyze the muscles.
• Serotonin antagonists, which block serotonin receptors.
• IV therapy to provide immediate symptom relief, helping to treat dehydration, fever, and other symptoms.
• Medications that lower heart rate and blood pressure.

Conclusion

Serotonin is an essential molecule that regulates nearly every behavioral and many other functions in our body. Disruptions in serotonin concentrations can lead to health problems, particularly those related to mood and mental health.

Healthy lifestyle habits are the first step in supporting healthy serotonin levels. Seek medical help if you suspect you’re suffering from a serotonin imbalance.

The immune system is an intricate network of organs, cells, proteins, and chemicals that protect the body from internal and external harmful elements. Inflammation is a vital process in our immune system’s natural response to threats. In its acute phase, it is necessary and beneficial. However, when it turns into a systemic, chronic condition, it can lead to damage.

This article focuses on the differences between acute and chronic inflammation, helping you understand how to recognize and treat them.

What Is Acute Inflammation?

Acute inflammation is the body’s natural response to infection, disease, or injury. It involves an increased migration of leukocytes (white blood cells) and proteins to the zone of the injured area to combat pathogens and repair cells and tissues. Increased blood flow typically causes redness, swelling, warmth, and tingling. Patients also feel pain at the site of injury.

Acute inflammation is a vital and beneficial part of the healing process. It subsides when the assaulting agent (pathogen, injury, etc.) is eliminated.

Types of Acute Inflammation

Medical professionals recognize six types of acute inflammation based on the discharge present at the inflammation site:

• Serous – Characterized by the presence of watery, yellowish, serum-like fluid. It forms in the early stages of inflammation.
• Fibrinous – Increased vascular permeability allows the protein fibrinogen to escape into extravascular space, creating a thick exudate and impeding blood flow. It forms in the advanced stages of inflammation.
• Catarrhal – Affects the mucous membrane and causes excessive secretion (e.g., runny nose).
• Purulent – Involves the formation of an abscess - a large, thick mass filled with puss, typically caused by bacteria.
• Hemorrhagic – Characterized by exudate filled with blood from damaged blood vessels. It forms due to severe injury or lack of coagulation factors.
• Gangrenous – Involves tissue necrosis (death of tissue cells) and gangrene due to a loss of blood and oxygen supply to the inflammation site. It is associated with severe infections.

What Is Chronic Inflammation?

Chronic inflammation is the body’s prolonged defense reaction to a perceived threat – a pathogen, allergen, toxin, or some other invasive factor. It appears when the body fails to resolve the threat or mistakenly perceives healthy tissues as harmful elements. Instead of affecting a particular area, chronic inflammation produces a systemic response, constantly stimulating the increased production of leukocytes, cytokines, and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Eventually, it destroys tissues, organs, and blood vessels.

Types of Chronic Inflammation

Scientists recognize two types of chronic inflammation:

• Granulomatous – Characterized by clusters of white blood cells (granulomas), which form as the immune system’s reaction to a foreign element it can’t eliminate. It is often caused by a chronic infection or an autoimmune condition.
• Nonspecific – An unidentifiable irritating agent causes a diffuse immune response, leading to the formation of nonspecific granulation tissue and healing by fibrosis (formation of scar tissue).

How Does Acute Inflammation Differ from Chronic Inflammation?

Acute and chronic inflammation differ in severity, symptoms, duration, and treatment. The following table summarizes their differences.

	Acute Inflammation	Chronic Inflammation
Symptoms	Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function.	Gastrointestinal problems, weight gain, fatigue, joint pain, mood disorders, skin issues.
Examples	Sore throat, pneumonia, sinusitis, insect bites, acute dermatitis, etc.	Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, heart disease, kidney disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, etc.
Causes	Injury, infection, chemical irritants.	Poor diet, lack of exercise, sleep problems, stress, pollutants, alcohol, smoking.
Treatment	Anti-inflammatory medication, antibiotics, corticosteroids, supplements, rest.	Improved lifestyle habits (diet, exercise, sleep, relaxation), supplements, medications.
Duration	Several hours or days.	Several months or years.

Examples of Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation

The following examples can help you distinguish between the two inflammation types.

Acute Inflammation

The body’s essential inflammatory immune response appears when we suffer from the following conditions:

• Sore throat
• Acute bronchitis
• Sinusitis
• Pneumonia
• Acute tonsilitis
• Acute appendicitis
• Ingrown toenail
• Insect bites
• Acute dermatitis, etc.

Chronic Inflammation

Chronic inflammation is linked to these inflammatory diseases:

• Type 2 diabetes
• Obesity
• Heart disease
• Kidney disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Lupus
• Autoimmune thyroiditis
• Crohn’s disease
• Depression
• Anxiety, etc.

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation Symptoms

Inflammatory symptoms strongly indicate whether the condition is acute or chronic.

Acute Inflammation

The symptoms of acute inflammation are intense, short-lived, and typically localized at the site of injury or infection. They include:

• Redness
• Swelling
• Heat
• Pain
• Loss of function

Chronic Inflammation

Chronic inflammation symptoms may go unnoticed for a long time. When they appear, they manifest as:

• Bloating and gas
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Weight gain
• Irritability
• Depression
• Fatigue
• Insomnia
• Joint pain
• Premature skin aging (wrinkles, dryness, etc.)

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation Causes

The causes of acute and chronic inflammation differ. Unresolved acute inflammation can lead to chronic conditions.

Acute Inflammation

Common causes of acute inflammation include:

• Cuts
• Physical trauma
• Burns
• Frostbite
• Bacterial or viral infection
• Toxins
• Chemical irritants
• Allergens

Chronic Inflammation

Factors leading to or perpetuating chronic inflammation include:

• Unhealthy diet
• Lack of physical activity
• Excess weight
• Alcohol
• Nicotine
• Environmental pollutants
• Sleep disorders
• Chronic stress
• Autoimmune disorders

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation Diagnosis

Acute and chronic inflammation exhibit different symptoms and recruit different concentrations of inflammatory cells and proteins, such as interleukins, tumor necrosis factors, and C-reactive protein. This enables medical providers to establish whether acute or chronic inflammation is present.

Acute Inflammation

Medical providers physically examine the patient, discuss their symptoms and potential causes, and review their medical history. Acute inflammation is easy to spot due to apparent, intense, localized symptoms like swelling, redness, and pain.

They may also order blood tests, such as:

• Complete blood count (CBC) – The most common test routinely performed for any infection. In acute inflammation, lab results typically show neutrophils as the predominant biomarkers. They are short-lived white blood cells that rush to the injury site as the body’s initial defense response. Lymphocytes may also be present in the results.
• C-reactive protein (CRP) – Measures the level of the protein produced by the liver. High levels of CRP indicate acute or chronic inflammation.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – Measures the rate of red blood cell sedimentation in a blood test tube. Faster sedimentation indicates inflammation.
• Ferritin – Measures the level of the protein ferritin, which stores iron in our cells. Doctors may order this test in the presence of chronic inflammation symptoms, such as joint pain, heart issues, abdominal pain, and more.

Chronic Inflammation

In chronic inflammation, macrophages and lymphocytes typically replace neutrophils. They stimulate the release of other inflammatory mediators that serve as the next line of defense, such as cytokines, growth factors, enzymes, and plasma cells, and form clusters of white blood cells called granuloma.

A blood test showing increased levels of these biomarkers can indicate chronic inflammation. The blood tests are the same as those for acute inflammation – CBC, CRP, ESR, etc. However, medical providers don’t typically test patients unless they show signs of associated inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, arthritis, etc. They may require additional diagnostic tools and specialized tests, including:

• Biopsy
• Image scanning (X-ray, CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, PET scan, etc.)
• Allergy testing
• Autoimmune disease testing

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation Prevention

When possible, disease prevention is better than treatment. Acute and chronic inflammation prevention techniques differ to some extent because their functions and causes vary.

Acute Inflammation

Acute inflammation is essential in helping the body cope with infection and injury. Instead of preventing it, focus on preventing its causes – injury, infection, and harsh chemicals. Avoid elements that hinder recovery and prolong the inflammatory response, such as alcohol, nicotine, unhealthy foods, and stress.

Chronic Inflammation

The best way to prevent chronic inflammation is to focus on eliminating unhealthy foods, maintaining a healthy weight, increasing physical activity, getting enough sleep, and limiting stress.

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation Treatment

Inflammation requires medical attention and lifestyle modification.

Acute Inflammation

The treatment of acute inflammation depends on its cause. In case of bacterial infections, doctors prescribe antibiotics. Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are used for viral infections, fever, and pain. Corticosteroids, pain relievers, and cold compresses help with swelling and pain. Doctors also advise patients to eat healthfully, stay away from nicotine and alcohol, and rest.

Chronic Inflammation

Chronic inflammation requires a sustainable lifestyle modification, including:

• Improved diet – Limit or eliminate simple and added sugars, refined carbs, processed meat, saturated and trans fats, sports drinks, and other nutritionally-poor products. Eat more anti-inflammatory foods, including leafy greens, berries, tomatoes, onions, salmon and nuts; and add spices (curcumin, ginger, garlic, black pepper, etc.).
• Daily exercise – Even 20-30 minutes of regular, moderate physical activity improves inflammatory markers.
• Enough sleep – Seven to nine hours of uninterrupted sleep at night balances hormones and reduces inflammation.
• Reduced stress – Stress-relieving activities and hobbies lower cortisol levels, balance hormones, and decrease inflammation.
• Eliminating nicotine – Smoking promotes inflammation and is associated with various inflammatory diseases. Doctors recommend eliminating it altogether.
• Supplements – Health experts recommend taking natural supplements with proven anti-inflammatory properties, including vitamin C, vitamin D, glutathione, omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, selenium, iron, chromium, probiotics, etc.

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Note: Read our article on how to reduce inflammation for more helpful tips and advice.

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How Long Do Acute and Chronic Inflammation Last?

Acute inflammation starts immediately upon assault (injury, infection) and typically lasts several hours or days.

Chronic inflammation lasts much longer – from several months to several years, and in the case of some inflammatory diseases, it is life-long.

Consequences of Untreated Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Unresolved acute inflammation can turn into a chronic condition.

Untreated chronic inflammation can lead to more severe (in some cases, life-threatening) diseases, including premature skin aging, sexual dysfunction, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative conditions, heart disease, and even cancer.

Conclusion

Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism that protects us from injury and infection. However, when it fails to eliminate the invading element, it turns into chronic inflammation that gradually destroys our tissues and organs.

Prevent chronic inflammation and reduce the risk of developing a severe inflammatory disease.